NAMES ANALYSIS REPORT
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The English meaning of Azulai is Blue eyes.
There are many indicators that the name Azulai may be of Jewish origin, emanating from the Jewish communities of Spain and Portugal.
When the Romans conquered the Jewish nation in 70 CE, much of the Jewish population was sent into exile throughout the Roman Empire. Many were sent to the Iberian Peninsula. The approximately 750,000 Jews living in Spain in the year 1492 were banished from the country by royal decree of Ferdinand and Isabella. The Jews of Portugal, were banished several years later. Reprieve from the banishment decrees was promised to those Jews who converted to Catholicism. Though some converted by choice, most of these New-Christian converts were called CONVERSOS or MARRANOS (a derogatory term for converts meaning pigs in Spanish), ANUSIM (meaning "coerced ones" in Hebrew) and CRYPTO-JEWS, as they secretly continued to practice the tenets of the Jewish faith.
Our research has found that the family name Azulai is cited with respect to Jews & Crypto-Jews in at least 19 bibliographical, documentary, or electronic references:
Sephardic names from the magazine "ETSI". Most of the names are from (but not limited to) France and North Africa. Published by Laurence Abensur-Hazan and Philip Abensur.
ETSI (a Paris-based, bilingual French-English periodical) is devoted exclusively to Sephardic genealogy and is published by the Sephardi Genealogical and Historical Society (SGHS). It was founded by Dr. Philip Abensur, and his professional genealogist wife, Laurence Abensur-Hazan. ETSI's worldwide base of authors publish articles identifying a broad spectrum of archival material of importance to the Sephardic genealogist. A useful feature of ETSI is the listing, on the back cover, of all Sephardic family names, and places of origin, cited in the articles contained in each issue
From the records of Bevis Marks, The Spanish and Portuguese Congregation of London
Bevis Marks is the Sephardic synagogue in London. It is over 300 years old and is the oldest still in use in Britain.The Spanish and Portuguese Jews' Congregation of London has published several volumes of its records: they can be found in libraries such as the Cambridge University Library or the London Metropolitan Archive
History of the Jews in Venice, by Cecil Roth
In this work, Cecil Roth covers the long course of Italian-Jewish history extending from pre-Christian times, comprising in a degree every facet of the evolution of Jewish life in Europe. Contains a huge store of facts tracing regional variations over a period of 2000 years.
List of (mostly) Sephardic brides from the publication, "List of 7300 Names of Jewish Brides and Grooms who married in Izmir Between the Years 1883-1901 & 1918-1933". By Dov Cohen.
Dov Cohen has created an index of brides and grooms based on the organization of Ketubot (Jewish wedding contracts) from marriages within the Turkish community of Izmir. From this material we can identify the Jewish families who lived in Turkey since the Spanish expulsion in 1492 in two periods: the end of the Ottoman Empire and the beginning of the secular government of Turkish Republic. Events of these periods forced this community to emigrate to America.
List of (mostly) Sephardic grooms from the publication, "List of 7300 Names of Jewish Brides and Grooms who married in Izmir Between the Years 1883-1901 & 1918-1933". By Dov Cohen.
Dov Cohen has created an index of brides and grooms based on the organization of Ketubot (Jewish wedding contracts) from marriages within the Turkish community of Izmir. From this material we can identify the Jewish families who lived in Turkey since the Spanish expulsion in 1492 in two periods: the end of the Ottoman Empire and the beginning of the secular government of Turkish Republic. Events of these periods forced this community to emigrate to America.
Dicionario Sefaradi De Sobrenomes (Dictionary of Sephardic Surnames), G. Faiguenboim, P. Valadares, A.R. Campagnano, Rio de Janeiro, 2004
A bilingual (Portugese/English)reference book of Sephardic surnames. Includes New Christians, Conversos, Crypto-Jews (Marranos), Italians, Berbers and their history in Spain, Portugal and Italy. Contains over 16,000 surnames presented under 12000 entries, with hundreds of rare photographs, family shields and illustrations.It also contains a 72-page summary of Sephardic history, before and after the expulsion from Spain and Portugal, as well as a 40-page linguistic essay about Sephardic names, including an interesting list of the 250 most frequent Sephardic surnames. The period covered by the dictionary is of 600 years, from the 14th to the 20th century, and the area covered includes Spain and Portugal, France, Italy, Holland, England, Germany, Balkans, Central and Eastern Europe, the former Ottoman Empire, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Iraq, Yemen, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, North America, Central America and the Caribbean, South America and more.
Finding Our Fathers: A Guidebook to Jewish Genealogy, by Dan Rottenberg
In this work Dan Rottenberg shows how to do a successful search for probing the memories of living relatives, by examining marriage licenses, gravestones, ship passenger lists, naturalization records, birth and death certificates, and other public documents, and by looking for clues in family traditions and customs. Supplementing the "how to" instructions is a guide to some 8,000 Jewish family names, giving the origins of the names, sources of information about each family, and the names of related families whose histories have been recorded. Other features included a country-by-country guide to tracing Jewish ancestors abroad, a list of Jewish family history books, and a guide to researching genealogy.
Noble Families Among The Sephardic Jews, by Isaac Da Costa, Bertram Brewster, and Cecil Roth.
This book provides genealogy information about many of the more famous Sephardic families of Iberia, England and Amsterdam. It documents the assimilation, name changes and conversion of many Sephardic families in Spain, England and The Netherlands. There is a large section dealing with the genealogy of the members of Capadose and Silva families in Spain and Portugal. This reference includes genealogical tables and a translation of Da Costa’s 1850 work "Israel and the Gentiles", with chapters by Bertram Brewster on the Capadose conversion to Christianity and by Cecil Roth on their Jewish history.
Bernard Allali. La saga des noms des familles juives tunisiennes(The saga of the names of Tunisian Jewish families) en "Le Voyage Loisirs", France, 1977
The story of Jewish surnames in Tunisia.
Claudie Blamont (president). Revue du Cercle de Genealogie Juive (The Circle of Jewish Genealogy), Paris, 1998.
The Cercle de Généalogie Juive (CDGJ) located in Paris,France maintains a list of members and the families and areas they are researching.
Jean Pierre Filippini. Il Porto di Livorno e La Toscana (1676-1814)(The Port of Livorno and Tuscany 1676-1814), Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli, 1998.
Contains the census of Jews in Livorno in 1809.
Michele Luzzatti, Liana Borghi (ed.), Ebrei di Livorno tra Due Censimenti (1841-1938) (The Jews of Leghorn Between Two Censuses), Belforte Editore Libraio, Livorno, 1990.
This work tells the story of one upper-class Italian family: The Salmon - Cave Bondi Jews of Leghorn in between two censuses (1841-1938). Family memories and identity.
Ordem Circular n° 2217, 11-02-1949, concedendo nacionalidade espanhola a judeus da Grecia e do Egito(Circular Order No.2217,dated 11.2.1949, granting Spanish nationality to Jews of Greece and Egypt), Madrid
In 1949, Franco issued a decree granting Spanish citizenship to the descendants of those Jews expelled in 1492 and who appeared in Spain's population census or consular or diplomatic records, who were living in Greece and Egypt. This decree benefited only a few hundred Jews.
Storia dell'Ebraismo in Italia: Ebrei in Toscana dal Medioevo al Risorgimento (History of Judaism in Italy : Jews from the Middle Ages to the Resurgence in Tuscany), Leo Olschki Editore, Firenze, 1980.
It is likely that a Jewish community existed in the Tuscany region dating back to the Roman era at least in Florence. The first reliable data comes from Benjamin of Tudela who found Jews in Pisa and in Lucca (c. 1159). There were Jews in Siena by 1229. Jews presumably engaged in moneylending in Tuscany in the 13th century. This book traces the history of the Jews in this area, highlighting the most important facts and people, including the connection with the House of Medici.
Jacob Rubel et. al. (Editorial coordinator), "Sephardic Presence in Argentina" , published by the Sephardic Educational Center , Buenos Aires, 1992.
Book published by the Sephardic Educational Center on the occasion of 500th Anniversary of the Discovery of America.
J. Mendes dos Remedios, "Os Judeus Portugueses em Amsterdam" (The Portuguese Jews in Amsterdam), 1911, Coimbra
A compilation of Judeo-Portuguese texts published in Amsterdam can be found in this book and can now be downloaded. http://www.archive.org/details/osjudeusportugue00mend
Giovanni Bernardo De Rossi, Dizionario Storico Degli Autori Ebrei e Delle Loro Opere, 1802 (Historical Dictionary of Jewish authors and their works), Dalla Reale Stamparia-Parma, Ristampa Arnaldo Forni Editore, 1978
Giovanni Bernando de Rossi's "Dictionary" is a bibilographical work on approximatly 700 Hebrew authors and their books. His listings are augumented by considerable information and insights over a wide spectrum of Hebrew literature. De Rossi's work also informs as to translations and the reception of Hebrew books in the Hebrew literature. De Rossi's work also informs as to translations and the reception of Hebrew books in the surrounding, non-Jewish society. This book which was written in Portuguese is available in English version.
Ercole Sori. La comunità ebraica ad Ancona: la storia, le tradizioni, l'evoluzione sociale, i personaggi , Ancona, (The Jewish Community in Ancona) 1995.
The history, traditions, social development and characters of Ancona, prepared for the Department of Cultural Assets & Activities of the Ancona Municipality. The Jewish community of Ancona dates back to around 1300. In 1427 the Franciscan frairs tried to force the Jews of Ancona to wear the Jewish badge and to live in a single street, but apparently this attempt was unsuccessful. After the expulsion of the Jews from the Spanish Territories in 1492 refugees began to arrive in Ancona, to be joined later by others from the Kingdom of Naples. As Ancona was about to be declared a free port, Pope Paul III invited merchants from the Levant to settle in Ancona regardless of their religion. Promising protection against the Inquisition he encouraged the settlement of Jews and crypto-Jews. Thus many Jewish merchants took advantage of the harbor facilities and settled in town to trade with the Levant. About one hundred Portuguese crypto-Jewish families settled in Ancona.
Efraim Zadoff & Florina F. Goldberg (co-editors.). Enciclopedia de la Historia y la Cultura del Pueblo Judio, Jerusalem, 1998. (Encyclopedia of History and Culture of the Jewish People)
Efraim Zadoff, an independent scholar expert in Jewish history in modern Latin America, is co-editor of the new edition of the Encyclopaedia Judaica. He received an M.A. from the Institute of Contemporary Jewry of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and a Ph.D. from Tel Aviv University. He is a member of AMILAT – Research Association of Latin American Jewry and co-editor of Judaica Latinoamericana. The encyclopedia is multidisciplinary and cross-thematic. The works included are the result of the ongoing work of researchers in Israel, Brazil, Argentina, Mexico and Germany, and a chronological spectrum ranging from colonial times to today, and are grouped in thematic areas and in some cases broad interdisciplinary : community dynamics, economics and politics, Zionist history, literature and culture
Distinguished Jewish bearers of the Azulai name and its variants include : Haim Joseph David Azulai "Hida" (1724-1806) Kabbalist in Jerusalem Daniel Azulay (1947), designer and television presenter in Brazil Jom Tob (Jomico) Azulay (1941), Brazilian filmmaker Chaim Joseph David Azulai (1724 –1806), rabbinical scholar, a pioneer in the publication of Jewish religious writings. Isaac Leonini Azulay or Azulai, linguist, teacher and author (8th Century, Fez-London). Ornili Azulay, israeli dancer
Around the 12th century, surnames started to become common in Iberia. In Spain, where Arab-Jewish influence was significant, these new names retained their old original structure, so that many of the Jewish surnames were of Hebrew derivation. Others were directly related to geographical locations and were acquired due to the forced wanderings caused by exile and persecution. Other family names were a result of conversion, when the family accepted the name of their Christian sponsor. In many cases, the Portuguese Jews bear surnames of pure Iberian/Christian origin. Many names have been changed in the course of migration from country to country. In yet other cases "aliases", or totally new names, were adopted due to fear of persecution by the Inquisition.
Here are some locations where registries of Sephardic or Christianized Jewish families with this surname have been traced: Alexandria, Egypt,Ancona, Italy,Jerusalem, Israel,Livorno (Leghorn), Italy,Port Said, Egypt,Smyrna, Netherlands,Tanger, Morocco,Tunis, Tunisia,Fez, Morocco,London, England,Amazonas, Brazil,Amsterdam, Netherlands,Ashkelon, Israel,Belem, portugal,Buenos Aires, Argentina,Chaco, Argentina,Fes, Morocco,Gurupa, Brasil,Hamburg, Germany,Hebron, Israel,Iquitos, Peru,Itacoatiara, Brasil,Jerusalem, Israel,Livorno (Leghorn), Italy,Manaus, Brasil,Marrakech, Morocco,Oriximina, Brasil,Petropolis, Brasil,Ponta Delgada, Portugal,Rio de Janeiro, Brasil,Santa Fe, Argentina,Santarem, Portugal,Sao Paulo, Brasil,
Some interesting facts about the name this name are :Azulay is a family descended from Spanish exiles who, after the expulsion of the Jews from Spain in 1492, settled in the city of Fez, Morocco.
Some common variations of Azulai are Azulay, Asulai, Azzullai, Azzulai, Azulley, Azoulay,
The following websites are relevant to the surname Azulaihttp://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=2232&letter=A&search=Azulay,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaim_Joseph_David_Azulai,http://www.facebook.com/topic.php?uid=2248109689&topic=2522,http://www.jhse.org/book/export/article/16675,http://www.casasefarad-israel.org/ES/casa-sefarad-israel-virtual/Ornili-Azulay-actua-en-Casa-Sefarad.aspx,
